An Idea Of Freedom In The US - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 384 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Freedom of Speech Essay Did you like this example? Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. This text is the first amendment of the United States constitution. The first amendment is arguably the most important amendment that we have because it talks about our freedom and our country was built on the idea of freedom. Without the freedom of speech we would have to leave our thoughts and ideas to ourselves. So what would the world be like without of freedom to speak our thoughts and ideas? It would probably be granted to those who obtain political power. Therefore the citizens cant object to their opinions. It sounds a lot like a monarchy doesnt it? The freedom of speech is a fundamental human right and it should be applied in every nation in the globe. It backs up all other human rights, allowing society to progress and develop. Free speech is the pathway to bringing essential change in a society. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Idea Of Freedom In The US" essay for you Create order The freedom of speech is not just about your voice but hearing the voices around you to want to follow others and develop opinions. The freedom of speech right is cherished by all Americans. Enshrined in the First Amendment to the Constitution, freedom of speech grants all Americans the liberty to criticize the government and speak their minds without fear of being persecuted. Although in reality there are complex lines that can be drawn around what kinds of speech are protected and in what setting. In 1919 the Supreme Court declared in the case Schenck that individuals are not entitled to speech that presents a clear and present danger to society. For example an individual cannot yell there is a bomb on a plane and call it free speech. On the other hand, in 1969, the court declared that even inflammatory speech, such as racist language should generally be protected unless it is likely to cause imminent violence. While the principle of the First Amendment has stayed the same, the courts interpretation has indeed changed over time. Judges, lawmakers, and scholars continue to struggle with balancing strong speech protections with the necessity of maintaining a peaceful society.

Descartes Cosmological And Ontological Arguments Are Well

Descartes Cosmological and Ontological arguments are well organized and are perceived as valid. However, these arguments may be found valid only if we follow the rules of Descartes premises through deductive reasoning. The soundness of Descartes Ontological and Cosmological arguments are questioned in this paper as I argue against Descartes axioms. Descartes bases his proofs of God on specific propositions and his own claims of knowledge. The lack of proof behind his premises is why I cannot except Descartes Ontological and Cosmological arguments for the existence of God. Although there are different arguments for the existence of God, as an empiricist, I need proof of the premises and not ideas of false premises. I can look at Descartes†¦show more content†¦I argue that an idea cannot be characterized as reality. Descartes denies the senses reveal the natures of substances and instead believes that he can perceive the nature of reality through a purely intellectual percepti on (enclapedia). There are many instances where we say an idea is not the same as reality. I can imagine, or have an idea, that I am flying with my own physiological wings. This idea has come about through my mind however; the thought is far from ever becoming as much reality as there is in its effect of the cause. Being lifelike is defined as being similar to or representing something realistic. In order to represent something I would say you have to resemble them in realistic way. This makes me question the existence of God because Descartes cannot come up with proof of how he knows God exists in reality except for through his own cogito. Even if God’s existence was necessary like premise III is implying, then there is still no evidence of what does or does not count as proof of existence in the actual physical world. Another reason to doubt the Cosmological argument is because of Descartes circular arguing. For example, If premise V is true, an infinite substance can only cause ideas of an infinite substance then, God has to have a clear and distinct perception of a infinite substance as well. God has to have an idea of an infinite being in order to compare, and conclude, thatShow MoreRelatedThe Argument Of The Existence Of God1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe arguments trying to â€Å"prove† the existence of God are by far some of the most controversial philosophical arguments out there. When some of the people who created these philosophies it was illegal or even punishable by death to even question his existence, let alone try to come up with a logical explanation to â€Å"prove† he is real. The two main arguments used today are the ontological argument and the cosmological argument. Neither one of these arguments are correct nor incorrect; moreover, theRead More Does God Exist? Ess ay1145 Words   |  5 PagesAny attempt to remain neutral in relation to Gods existence is automatically synonymous with unbelief. The question for Gods existence is really important. Does God exist? Theology, cosmological, teleological and ontological arguments are all have ways to prove the existence of God. With all of these great arguments how can one deny that there is a God. There is a God and with these reasons I will prove that. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are two types of theology discussed in chapter nineRead MoreEssay on Hegel and Kant on the Ontological Argument1748 Words   |  7 PagesHegel and Kant on the Ontological Argument ABSTRACT: I intend to present Kants refutation of the ontological argument as confronted by Hegels critique of Kants refutation. The ontological argument can be exposed in a syllogistic way: everything I conceive as belonging clearly and distinctly to the nature or essence of something can be asserted as true of something. I perceive clearly and distinctly that existence belongs to the nature or essence of a perfect being; therefore, existence canRead More Descartes1226 Words   |  5 Pagesstage in the system, as outlined in the Meditations, seeks to establish that God exists. In his writings, Descartes made use of three principal arguments. The first (at least in the order of presentation in the Meditations) is a causal argument. While its fullest statement is in Meditation III, it is also found in the Discourse (Part IV) and in the Principles (Part I  §Ã‚ § 17–18). The argument begins by examining the thoughts contained in the mind, distinguishing between the formal real ity of an ideaRead MoreThe Cosmological Argument For The Existence Of God Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesreality of a being who, by definition, is not given in phenomenal experience? My position is that it is impossible to prove the non-existence of God, since I believe that God exists. I would use it the cosmological arguments, teleological and Ontological to prove that God exists. The cosmological argument for the existence of God is as follows: The world could not exist by itself so there must be a first cause that brought him into existence. The universe can not have an infinite past, he must have hadRead MorePhilosophy: Do We Have Innate Ideas? Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesDo we have innate ideas? Offer your view with reference to the work of Descartes and Locke I understand the concept of innate ideas alone means ideas that presents our mind at birth. Descartes and Locke both have their own views about innate ideas and their arguments are completely different to each other and the question remain to the human knowledge. Do innate ideas really exist? Descartes does not put experiences to his philosophy like the other philosophers, Bacon and Hobbes. He believes thatRead MoreDoes God Exist? Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper examines the many rational arguments for and against the existence of God. It is based on the views of some of the great philosophers and scientists of our world. I will show that there is no sufficient proof or comprehensive arguments for the existence of God. Some people search for eternal peace through the beliefs in God; but this is an impossible belief because of the chances, the plausibility, and because of science. ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENTS God generally refers to one supreme, holyRead MoreThe Argument For The Existence Of God1411 Words   |  6 Pagesscrutinizes numerous logical disputes for and alongside the presence of God. I shall argue that there’s no adequate evidence or inclusive arguments for the existence of God. It is grounded on the views of certain great philosophers and scientists of all of mankind. Generally speaking for myself, I would correspond to have faith that there is â€Å"God†. Regrettably, it’s awfully well-defined that the being built up on insightful faith is no longer a suitable custom to shadow. During the course, I expected to learnRead More Ontological Argument Essay2922 Words   |  12 Pagesthe existence of God. These theories are the ontological argument, the cosmological argument, and the teleological argument. St. Anselm of eleventh century, and Descartes of seventeenth century, have used the ontological argument for proving the existence of God. The God, for them, is supreme, quot;needing nothing outside himself, but needful for the being and well-being of all things.quot; (Pg. 305). St Anselm’s account of the ontological argument for the existence of God deals with the ‘existenceRead More Comparing Knowledge in Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy and Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning876 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Knowledge in Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy and Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Rationalists would claim that knowledge comes from reason or ideas, while empiricists would answer that knowledge is derived from the senses or impressions. The difference between these two philosophical schools of thought, with respect to the distinction between ideas and impressions, can be examined in order to determine how these schools determine the source

What are the differences between Absorption costing and ABC Free Essays

Introduction Absorption costing is the process which charges fixed and variable overheads to individual cost units. This means that it takes into account all costs incurred in the production of the product; they are absorbed. Activity based costing (ABC) however, assigns manufacturing overhead costs to activities and processes in the business. We will write a custom essay sample on What are the differences between Absorption costing and ABC? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It therefore gives a more accurate costing to individual cost units (products) but it is more timely and therefore more expensive. Therefore it depends on the company as to which method they would implement. Expenses such as salaries, rent and other indirect costs are therefore able to be taken into account when costing a product. An activity is a task that occurs over a period that consumes resources (e.g. raw materials and electricity) in a bid to transform inputs (e.g. labour) into outputs (the final product). There is also another widely used costing method: Marginal costing. This method treats fixed costs as period costs. Costing is important to a company as it helps with budgeting, but mainly so that they can ‘cost’ up the price to make a product or a batch of products. Without costing, a company would not be able to give an accurate cost price and therefore final retail price as they wouldn’t know much it costs them to make the product. What are the differences between Absorption costing and ABC? There are two main methods of costing, absorption and activity based costing. There are some vital differences between the two and so the pros and cons of each must be taken into account to assess the suitability of each method. The main difference is that ABC takes more than one cost driver into account, meaning that the final costing figure is more accurate than when using the standard absorption method, for example if a company made two similar products; product 1, which is a low volume item that requires many machine setups, more testing, and special engineering tasks and product 2, which is a high volume item that requires minimal setups and special operations, and is running continuously. If we were to apply the traditional absorption costing method, it would use the machine hours as the cost driver, and so product 2 would incur massively higher costs, due to it using the most machine hours, even though product one required far more additional activities, setups, and testing. This shows how the traditional method is not appropriate when a company produces multiple products/services that require very different inputs. ABC is a more accurate system for assigning costs to products, as it traces all activities and assigns them to products by using multiple cost drivers. It also allocates the usage of common business resources to each product, again by the use of cost drivers such as labour hours. It is also useful for identifying products/services that are too costly to be profitable; although they may seem to be generating a profit, they actually use up far too many resources to be profitable. However, there are disadvantages to this method; high volumes of specific data must be accurately collected, which could prove to be extremely time consuming. It can also itself incur costs, as it would be fairly costly to implement. Absorption costing also has its advantages over ABC; it is far easier to implement and run as it requires less volume of data and only takes a few cost drivers into account, normally machine/labour hours. However, disadvantages include the fact that it doesn’t take into account any indirect costs such as administration and distribution costs; it focuses on the fixed and variable costs. Also, is does not differentiate between fixed and variable costs, therefore the final costing can sometimes be inaccurate. It is also very difficult for management to make decisions based on the costing figures as they may not be accurate enough for the managers to make an informed, concise decision. What steps would the company need to take if it was to introduce an ABC For the company to introduce an ABC system, some careful planning and procedures must be put into place for it to be implemented correctly. The company must identify all the main activities in the business. An activity is the grouping of small units of work or tasks. An example of an activity would be the purchasing of materials and the tasks involved would be preparing the purchase orders, identifying supplier etc. The activities can be identified using activity analysis. Such analysis would identify how the work space is being used and the payroll listings. These two would give the company an initial idea of the activities involved. Also, interviews with employees would be undertaken establishing questions like how they use their time. These all would help establish different activities. They can be grouped into larger generalised activities as it would prove costly and time consuming to have each individual activity as opposed to a general one. This is called an activity cost cent re. An activity cost centre is normally a department. Costs must then be assigned to activity cost centres. The costs of resources consumed such as labour hours must be established; the overhead costs such as lighting would be shared by other activities. The apportionment of these overhead costs must be undertaken to ‘split’ the indirect costs and assign them to activity cost centres. Appropriate cost drivers would then need to be chosen for assigning the cost of activities to each of the cost objects. A cost object in the case of this company would be the services that it provides. The three main cost drivers would be transaction, duration and intensity drivers. The final stage in implementing an ABC would be to assign the cost of activities to the services the company provides. This involves applying the cost driver rates to the services it provides. This is why the cost drivers must be measurable, or else there wouldn’t be a way of quantifying the data. The direct costs must also be factored into each of the services. This will then give final costs for each of the services the company provides. Describe and explain the differences between: an allocation an apportionment Absorption rates. Allocation is the process of assigning overheads that are directly linked to the activity cost centre whereas apportionment is used where the overheads cannot be directly linked to the activity cost centre and have to be shared between several of them. An example of a cost that would be allocated would be raw materials and an overhead that would be apportioned would be lighting costs for the offices. The absorption rate however, predetermines the fixed and variable costs to each of the activity cost centres. I would suggest that the company uses the ABC costing method as opposed to the absorption method. I have come to this conclusion as a result of the following research undertaken below. Because the company provides various services to government bodies, each one is different and is tailored to suit each job. Therefore, the company doesn’t produce a generic service, and so ABC would be more suitable. If they were to implement an absorption costing method, costs would not be charged to each job accurately; it would only be based upon one cost driver, which I would assume would be the time it takes to produce and provide the service. This however would not be the case, as they would have to take into consideration other cost drivers such as hours of research undertaken and amount of data needed to be collected. Refernces http://tutor2u.net/business/presentations/accounts/absorptioncosting/default.html http://www.accountingcoach.com/online-accounting-course/35Xpg01.html http://www.answers.com/topic/activity-based-costing http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/publications/ftat_user_guide/sec5.htm http://basiccollegeaccounting.com/what-is-the-difference-between-allocation-and-apportionment/ http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/absorption-rate.html How to cite What are the differences between Absorption costing and ABC?, Essay examples

Site Selection for Intramuscular Medical Injection

Question: Discuss about the Site Selection for Intramuscular Medical Injection. Answer: Intramuscular injection locations Australasian Medical Journal, 315-321. In this journal, the author looks at the safety that nursing students must consider in the administration of intramuscular injections and particularly, gluteal IM injection sites. The author emphasizes that IM injection technique has changed through the years as a result of evidenced-based nursing practice research, including changes in the equipment used. According to the journal, IM injection site should be selected based on the age of the patient as this determines the needle size, adipose tissue amounts, and the viscosity of the medication. Site selection is important so that people of different ages are administered with the right amount of medication and treated with appropriate equipment. The authors emphasis that the deltoid muscle among infants is not well developed and thus not appropriate for IM injections is well founded. This is because the underdeveloped muscle in infants will not absorb the medication adequately. In regard to the volume of medication, the author also indicates that it is important to do the right IM injection site selection in order to have the right volume of medication administered intra-muscularly. It is important to note that the volume of medication for IM administration varies in line with the intended site. The accepted range of medication volume for IM injection is between 1 and 4 mL. Even so, the deltoid muscle injection site should not be above1 mL. For children, who definitely have less-developed muscles just like the elderly, IM injection at the deltoid muscles remain limited between 1 and 2mL. The leaking and tracking back of medication injected intramuscularly into the subcutaneous tissue, affects the volume of medication, and hence its efficacy in the required time. The Z-track technique is thus used in the administration to IM injections in order to prevent the tracking back effect of injected medicine by sealing this medicine in the muscles of a patient. It a lso reduces the irritation from the medicine as indicated in the journal. Intended intramuscular gluteal injections Are they truly intramuscularJournal of Postgraduate Medicine, 60(2), 175. Dayananda et al(2014) highlighted the evidence-based research on IM injections focussed on investigating whether gluteal injections are practically intramuscular. The authors then discuss gluteal IM injection in regard to sustained pain and injury, the tracking back effect and the suitability of the site for injection. In regard to injury and pain, the journal indicates that it is paramount to select IM injection site carefully in order to prevent unnecessary injuries and pain on patients among other general complications. According to the journal, the major complications associated with IM injections among others; muscle atrophy, bone injuries, cellulitis, and pain, abscesses that are sterile and nerve injury. The use of IM injection option has a higher risk where a nurse may inject the medication into the bloodstream directly. Further, other factors which hinder the flow of blood in a patient to the injected local tissue impacts on the drug absorption rate. It is thus agreeable tha t the author emphasizes on the use of IM injections only as a last resort, because of the different documented effects of pain and injury. Choosing IM at the deltoid muscle for instance brings about damage to both the radial nerves and arteries at the site. Even so, IM may be preferred as the muscle tissue is relatively less sensitive when compared to the subcutaneous tissue in regard to irritating solutions and/or medications that are concentrated and viscous in nature. Sites of choice for administering intramuscular injections to adult patients in the acute care setting. This journal focuses on the choices of Staff nurses in regard to injection sites when administering IM injections in acute hospital care setting rather than in the community. According to Walsh and Brophy (2010), selection of IM injection sites particularly for deep muscular injections may depend on ones familiarity and/or confidence but not on best practice. The journal provides the appropriate IM injection sites and these include; the ventrogluteal, the Vastus lateralis, and also the deltoid muscles. Even so, the authors agree with the available evidence that the ventrogluteal site for IM injection is the most appropriate site. This particular site is the most acceptable IM injection site especially for medications that are oily and irritating. This is because it is the ventrogluteal site has minimal number of both blood vessels and the nerves. It also comprises of the greatest muscle thickness when compared with the remaining IM injection sites. It is also thus important to know t he most appropriate IM injection site in order to determine the size of the needle. This is because a longer needle that has a larger gauge may be needed to adequately penetrate some deep muscle tissues. Walsh and Brophy (2010) also indicate the different needle sizes needed for IM injection to show the importance of correct site selection. Needle length at the Vastus lateralis should be 5/8" to 1." Needles intended for the deltoid need to be between 5/8" and 1 1/4" for children and between 5/8 and 1 1/2" for adults. The ventrogluteal site requires needles of length 1 1/2" for adults. The journal also indicates that it is important to correctly select an IM injection site especially when one has to choose between it and subcutaneous injection, based on the speed of medication absorption. According to the journal IM injections are intended to deposit medications directly into muscle fascia that comprises of a rich supply of blood and therefore allows for faster absorption of medications through the muscle fibers as compared to when the subcutaneous route is used. IM injection sites are used for those medications which require quick rates of absorption, including also a reasonable prolonged action. Because of the rich blood supply, IM injection sites are able to therefore absorb even larger volumes of medication solutions. As a result, a range of medical preparations including sedatives, hormones, anti-emetics, vaccines, analgesics, among others can be comfortably administered through IM sites both in the communities and in acute care settings. References Cornwall, J. (2011). Are nursing student safe when choosing gluteal intramuscular injection locations?. Australasian Medical Journal, 315-321. Dayananda, L., Belaval, V., Raina, A., Chandana, R. (2014). Intended intramuscular gluteal injections: Are they truly intramuscular?. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 60(2), 175. Walsh, L. Brophy, K. (2010). Staff nurses sites of choice for administering intramuscular injections to adult patients in the acute care setting. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(5), 1034-1040.